Chapter 23

In what way(s) do you see the historical developments described in this chapter continuing to evolve in our world today?

* Globalization - Economy

As mentioned in the previous chapter, the restructuring of national alliances has begun to shift. nations arise from the shadows of others and or rise from the ashes of former nations demanding o be seen and heard in the global market. The unification of a global market has borne a World Bank and a supporting International Money Fund to guide all nations in commerce and economy.

* International Commerce - Bento Box Concept (Oil Tankers & Container Shipping)

Small nations that can not complete with the military or population numbers against world powers now have importance with their own resources (elemental, oil, and/or agriculture strength). International Trade is now the battleground for the survival of a nation. Having a climate monopoly in agriculture can fuel a smaller nation to have the corner of the market in agriculture or production. The days of the ruling are over, it is the age of high-speed internet trading and e-commerce. 

* Modern Environmentalism

Technology has now allowed all nations to look back on developments and begin to map out mistakes and new possibilities to restore the planet's environment. Advancements in science have proof that our former ways of development have caused damage to the world and is taking us to the breaking point of maximum survival levels. The world has grown from 2.3 billion after WWII to now 7.8 billion inhabitants. A growth spurt of that magnitude has damage, irrevocable environmental damage. Our very own existence is at foot. nations that have the resources to research and make change MUST do so. Nations that can change their agricultural, mining, and manufacturing MUST also change. The future for us all is now at stake.

https://www.mastercardbiz.com/caribbean/2019/11/27/the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-global-e-commerce/

 Chapter 22

In what way(s) do you see the historical developments described in this chapter continuing to evolve in our world today?

* Fall of Old World Concepts - Colonialism

During the early 1900s, nations that were colonies began to see themselves as emerging powers. Regardless of the size of that power, a change of government was beginning to be called by the people, for the people. From the Haitian revolution that started the fight for separation until this point, governed lands wanted to begin there own paths.

* Independence & Protests

The voice of the people began to b louder and louder. To a point that protesting took to the streets, to the capitol buildings, and to the global news. Living in the shadow of a former Conquerer was no longer a must-do, but a choice. Education took center stage and the more that people learned of what potential power they have, the stronger the need to not live in someone else's shadow grew. Growth and knowledge of one's own country began to fuel new ideas, protesting, and revolution. Countries now knew their own self-worth. Globalization with economies was growing daily and the need to become an individual was stronger yet.

* New  Alliances

New nations and borders began to emerge, distinction from one another became clearer as every day passed. COuntries divided into viewpoints but some realized that economics would still allow them to work with one another while still maintaining individualism. Smaller nations also realized that working in groups with same mindset brought economic strength in numbers. Harvesting of one's own resources and providing commerce further divided the global map as we knew it at that time.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag-map_of_the_world_%281970%29.png/800px-Flag-map_of_the_world_%281970%29.png

 Chapter 21   

The global significance of the world was new allies and enemies. Mind you that these enemies were now more so of economies and how they spread the wealth and freedom of their people amongst these new borders.

The previous regimes (Nazi and Fascism) began to expand the mindset of all countries. To find alternative ways of governing without having to go to the previous extreme. Revolutions of the commoner erupted in Russia, China, and other nations demanding more equality and fairness for all. The former European nations of influence were shattered and had to rebuild. Nations such as Russia and the United States became enormous industrial machines out producing almost all countries causing there to be differences in government and how the wealth is distributed amongst the people.

Revolution and after revolution divided the world into three major groups: Democratic, Communist, and Socialist. These differences also brought additional division amongst the three. Neighboring nations began to work with one another to form even larger blocs of global influence. Western Europe formed one, Soviet Union, and China formed another and the bulk of the Americas formed another.

Such changes redrew the friend borders and drew in the concept of warfare from a distance; nuclear warfare.

 Chapter 20

Some of the disasters that befell Europe in the first half of the century were border shifting of countries (mobilization to flee the wars), slow-paced drawn-out warfare, industrial weapons arms race, and massive loss of life in the millions from multiple countries in a short period of time (a few years). Nations were so used to being neighbors that when war came, the general idea was heart-wrenching to be killing neighbors and even your own people for their political views and choices. A change in gender responsibilities fell on women, having to not only take care of the home, children but also become the backbone of industries to build and provide support to the millions of men at war. Trust was destroyed among nations and people, isolation and fear took over and complete shutdown of communication between individuals in case information can be used against each other.

 Response to Tony Orpeza's #9

Tony Orpeza's Question & Answer

9.  The image I chose to write about is the one depicting Britain's enormous amount of greed on page 790. I think Strayer chose this particular cartoon because of the volumes of truth it actually speaks. At a time where the world could have been created in a peaceful, equal manner, a country like Britain did everything they absolutely could to extend their power and reach among other civilizations. An example is Britain being defeated in the American Revolution only to go back and try to start an opium war with China. The hand above Egypt, shows me that Britain indeed was plotting a scheme to get a piece of Egypt along with the other countries it has its hands on. I personally do not like this image, but I felt like I could relate to it. Today in America it seems that we owe so many countries so much money. This picture for some reason reminded me of today. The difference is that global bankers and elite families with mass amounts of money are now the "Britain Octopus" with their hands in EVERYTHING. From banking to oil to food supply, the same elite families are tied to vital industries. I suggest doing research on families like the Rothchilds and the Rockefellers to see their impact and their monopolization of the world, not just the United States.

My Response

Tony, the image and topic you choose describes the reach of colonial power perfectly! The meddling hands of England in 10 different countries and about to take the eleventh one shows the vast wealth and control that England hand in its former colonies. England waited for the longest to relinquish its hold of power in these nations. All the resources and labor forces grew England into being a world power. Even though today, Englands wealth comes from its own financial earnings, even in the last 20 years, Hong Kong, the last of England's colonial strongholds had to relinquish ownership to China. From one megalodon to another.

Worksheet for Module 7

 1) What was The Great Dying? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Could this be considered a genocide? Why/ why not? 

P.557 Introduces the Great Dying which was illnesses and disease brought to the new world by foreigners tot he native people. In densely populated Central Mexico with the Nahuatl people amassing 10 to 20 million before Spanish conquest had decimated the civilization down to 1 million (p.559).

Yes, this was genocide! Even though it was not a product that was brought by the Spanish to control, they were aware of the natural interactions that they were bringing with them and used that to the best of their ability. The textbook called it "The Columbian Exchange", biological warfare we could say to the native people fo the Americas. Spaniards were in few numbers, rarely did they have reinforcements, but they sure knew what death blowing illnesses they would bring with themselves and European wildlife and stock.

2) What did native Siberians and native Americans have in common in terms of their experiences with Europeans during the early Modern period?

P.568 Caribbean Colonies - were the new competition to the Arabs in Large-scale sugar production. Fertile farmlands, isolation, controlled workforce, and a large supply of laborers (p. 569 African slaves) converted fertile soil into massive farming production and refineries to outsource Arab producers int he Meditteranean.

P. 573 Siberians - nomadic pastoral people were the first to be conquered by Russians. Having been recently ruled by the Mongol Empire, Russians continued suit with the behavior, taxation, and converting pastoral land fo grassing (the Siberian way of life) into agricultural farmlands to feed the masses of the newly developing Russian empire. 

3) Discuss the history and impact of the Indian Ocean trade network (the Sea Roads) from the Classical to Modern periods.

Historically, Sea Roads stemmed from Asia to Africa. The Classical Ea encompassed monsoon winds that drove the fleets to and from Asia to Africa.

In the Modern Era, Sea Roads were navigated with large armed vessels with superior technology and naval advancements from European design and the coalition of Trading Companies governing and taxing all thoroughfare and goods.

4) Look at the pie chart titled “The Destinations of Slaves” on page 627 of our textbook. What might people find surprising about the percentages of slaves who disembarked in different parts of the Americas? 

The largest two populations were slaves to Brazil, followed by slaves to the Caribbean.

What factors explain why the percentages were this way?

P. 568 - 569  Resources and fertile soil control the destination fo these large slave populations. The ease of producing, the right soil, the right climate maximized the efforts of large-scale production in agriculture and natural resources

5) What does Strayer mean by the “echoes of Atlantic Revolutions”? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Are the Atlantic Revolutions still echoing in the 21^stCentury?

One of the earliest regions to start a revolution was in Saint Dominique (later named Haiti) in 1791-1804 on P. 709. Regarded as the richest colony in the world, boasting a slave workforce of 500,000. The colony had a class system that kept the wealthy, wealthy, and everyone else poor. The ruling class was viciously dethroned by the black army (slaves) and their own white (poorer class) in a financial strick to France. This act echoed throughout the old worlds of Europe, Mediterranean, Asia, and all outlying colonies in the Americas. This act of revolution might be considered the spark that fueled a change in thought from ruled lands to take arms and think for themselves with new ideas and leadership.

 

6) What did feminists and abolitionists have in common? How and why did they sometimes work together?

Fare and Just treatment. Both factions sought liberty and equality (P.715), to show how a group can overcome and excel when given the opportunity was one of their concepts. To no longer be oppressed, no longer be ignored, and to be given the right to choose for themselves. Allowing self-minded individuals to think, education, and create would allow an enhancement into society with a different point of view (P.723).

8) What was the Industrial Revolution? Where and when did it begin? Discuss its long-term significance to people, cities, and the planet.

P.738  Industrial Revolution was an advanced period that humans began to find new methods to use renewable energy since the limits of unrenewable fuels like coal were now at the limit due to population exploding from 375 million in 1400 up to 1 billion in the early nineteenth century.

Long-term significance was to improve on the modern comforts of the home and bring that to a larger scale to companies, businesses, manufacturing whilst trying to expand and improve city dwellings with cleaner and more productive technology. These improvements for the people and living in cities will all the planet to recuperate from the usage of nonrenewable fuel sources and help clean up the environment.

9) Chapter 18 contains some powerful images. Why do you suppose Strayer chose to include these specific images? How do they illustrate concepts introduced in this chapter? Choose one image and a) describe it, b) explain how it illustrates a concept from the chapter, and c) give your general thoughts about the image, as you might do in the context of a small in-class discussion group. The images you can choose from are (your version of the textbook may use different titles and page numbers):

            An American View of British Imperialism (p.790)

            European Racial Images (p.791)

            Map 18.2 Conquest and Resistance in Colonial Africa (p.796)

            Colonial Violence in the Congo (p.803)

            The Educated Elite (p.815)

Colonial Violence in the Congo (p.803)

The image on p. 803 was two young boys that were mutilated as a punishment since the villagers were unable to supply the wild rubber quota. This was a common practice under the Power of the State. Immediate and swift harsh punishments fell to those who did not perform to the standards of the governing body.

Greed, corruption, and distance were the factors that allowed the Power of the State to be unchecked. Fortunately, these horrible images and stories were publicized forcing European countries to take action.

REMEMBER, QUESTION 10 SHOULD BE IN A SEPARATE BLOG POST (BECAUSE YOU WON’T BE ABLE TO COMPLETE IT UNTIL YOU’VE READ SOMEONE ELSE’S ANSWER TO QUESTION 9)

10) Find a classmate’s posting for Question 9. How would you respond to your classmate’s comments if you were participating in an in-class small group discussion about the image?

Chapter 15 

Why did Christianity take hold in some places more than in others?

Christianity was not only spread by priests or prophets, but it was also spread by practicing African slaves, merchants, and roaming philosophers. Christianity had spread to much of Africa during the crusade and resurged when the European nations began to colonize. The added bonus of having African slaves with the same belief was a benefit. Easier incorporation and another layer of control (from the church) was added to secure civilizations, societies, and the birth of new versions of the old world.

Chapter 14

To what extent did Europeans transform earlier patterns of commerce, and in what ways did they assimilate into those older patterns?

The main reason for Europeans seeking out new trade routes was to secure direct connection with suppliers, eliminate the middle man (Asians and Muslims) saving money, maintaining control, and having direct pricing with all suppliers. By learning advanced navigation (trade winds) and global geography (mapping) added with systematic intent in creating new trade routes, the security of supply and demand (especially tropical spices) would solely be in their hands.

Weaponization, Military forces, metalwork, and gunsmithing, were the old ways of controlling and conquering. The introduction of a modern fleet that could house all of these strong "force of arms" factors set aside Europeans in controlling "trading post empires" (trade routes) instead fo having to claim land, but still was not enough to secure enough to have a monopoly. Taxation and dependency on Asian goods and Asian ports is where the Europeans reverted back to and just harnessed trading routes to become more efficient and faster by adding shipping lanes.

Chapter 13

The experience of empire for conquered peoples was broadly similar whoever the rulers were. Does the material in this chapter support or challenge this idea?

I believe that conquering empires shared similar methods of assimilating new lands and people. This chapter regardless of geography had the same intention. Conquerers did not intentionally bring biological warfare with the intent of wiping out the natives, that was a natural phenomenon. What they all shared was the merging and establishing a hierarchy in the new members of the civilization and executing a taxation and commerce control in the area. 

The mergeance of cultures is where there are variances but with the same intent, trade control, taxation civil obedience. Some empires were mimicking the old world and others took ad new approach in merging cultures into new civilizations but with either method, the overall intent stayed the same, conquer, exploit and control shared among all members of these new developing societies.